"Infection Control in Health Care Setting / Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) Workshop"

GSN-International Skills Enhancement and Education Center (ISEEC) invites all nurses to attend their workshop entitled:
 
"Infection Control in Health Care Setting / Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) Workshop" with 8 PRC- CPE Units and International Standards 
 

A hospital-acquired infection is usually one that first appears three days after a patient is admitted to a hospital or other health-care facility.

Infections acquired in a hospital are also called nosocomial infections
Hospital-acquired infections are usually related to a procedure or treatment used to diagnose or treat the patient's illness or injury. About 25% of these infections can be prevented by healthcare workers taking proper precautions when caring for patients.

Hospital-acquired infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These microorganisms may already be present in the patient's body or may come from the environment, contaminated hospital equipment, healthcare workers, or other patients. Depending on the causal agents involved, an infection may start in any part of the body. A localized infection is limited to a specific part of the body and has local symptoms. For example, if a surgical wound in the abdomen becomes infected, the area of the wound becomes red, hot, and painful. A generalized infection is one that enters the bloodstream and causes general systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, low blood pressure, or mental confusion.

Hospital-acquired infections may develop from surgical procedures, catheters placed in the urinary tract or blood vessels, or from material from the nose or mouth that is inhaled into the lungs. The most common types of hospital-acquired infections are urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and surgical wound infections.


Date: July 24, 2010 (9am-5pm)

Venue: Unit 502 Pacific Corporate Center 131 West Avenue Quezon City.
Ms. Grace S. Navea, RN, BSN, MBA, CPHM, Ph.D (President/CEO of
GSN ISEEC)

PURPOSE:

The purpose of infection control is to reduce the risk of health care worker exposure and infection and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, which can complicate existing diseases or injuries.

OBJECTIVES:

* To educate the HCP regarding the principles of infection control.
* Identify areas within our scope of work where infection may be transmitted.
* Formulate guidelines in preventing the disease transmission.
* Endure prompt exposure management protocol and medical follow up.

For inquiries and Reservation/Registration Pls. contact the following numbers:

* Globe - 09153787964,
* Smart- 09301832876
* Sun- 09334622474


Look for: Xomai, RN

REVIEW and TOP the NURSING BOARD EXAM with GSN-ISEEC

Comprehensive PNLE Review course with Final Coaching and GSN ISEEC ReviewPAL            (600 hours)

* Well-Structured
Review Program
* Comprehensive, Live and Interactive discussion
* Strategic Reinforcement of Critical Concepts
* GSN-ISEEC REVIEWPAL-Computer Based Review
* Intensive Test-taking strategies workshop
* Individualized review performance tracking system
* SPECIAL COACHING SESSIONS available as needed
* PNLE and NCLEX-RN Combo Review Program Available

PLUS!
* Scholarship for HONOR STUDENTS
-Discount % according to Honor Receive
* REVIEW KIT
* PNLE TOP 10 EXAMINEE- FREE TRIP TO HONGKONG FOR TWO!
* U.S.A. EMPLOYMENT IF YOU MEET OUR REQUIREMENTS





FOR INQUIRIES:
PLS CALL OR TEXT

Globe - 09153787964
Smart - 09301832876
Sun - 09334622474
GSN-ISEEC office Number: 332-73-83; 359-01-96

Look for: Xomai,RN

Forensic Nursing Seminar ( A Health Care Trend)

FORENSIC NURSING SEMINAR

"What Filipino Health Care Providers needed to Know About FORENSICS in HEALTHCARE"

 

(PRC CPE Provider : Council of Nursing Accreditation Number 2009-026)

When: August 1, 2010
Where: SM North, The Block Cinema 4, Quezon City
Time: 8am to 12nn

Plenary Discussion:
 
-Death Examination and Autopsy
-Investigation and Documentation
-Evaluation and Care of the sexually abused patient

Resource Speaker:
PCI Jericho Angelito Q. Cordero, DPSP, MD, RN

- Pathologist/Medico Legal Officer/DNA Analyst/Forensic Nursing Advocate
- Deputy Chief,DNA Laboratory-PNP Crime Laboratory
- Camp Rafael Crame,Quezon City
- Pathologist,East Avenue Medical Center
- Professor-Legal Medicine, University of the East

Reg Fee: 600php only
Inclusive of 3 Certificates with CPE Units, CD ROM hand out, breaktime refreshment

For reservations/registrations and inquiries:
Globe - 09153787964
Smart - 09301832876
Sun - 09334622474

Look for Xomai, RN

More RP nurses going to Britain

MANILA, Philippines—More Filipino nurses are now leaving for the United Kingdom than those going to the United States over the past three years as immigration policies continue to impede demand for foreign nurses in America.

Emmanuel Geslani, a consultant of several Manila-based recruitment agencies, said Filipino nurses were finding it easier to seek employment in the United Kingdom via the study-and-work program introduced by the British health service four years ago.

“Filipino nurses hoping to work in the United States may have to wait five to seven years for H1-B working visas and two to three years for EB-3 immigrant visas before they can enter the US while those interested in improving their academic qualifications can enter the UK under the study-and-work program,” Geslani said.

He cited statistics released by the UK Borders and Immigration Agency showing that the annual average number of Filipino nurses who went to the United Kingdom reached 7,000 from 2007 to 2009.

By contrast, there was an annual average of less than 300 registered Filipino nurses entering the United States from 2003 to 2009 using H1-B work and EB-3 immigration visas, data from the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) show.
Among countries, Saudi Arabia has received the biggest number of Filipino nurses, with an average of 8,000 deployed yearly. The POEA figures show a yearly average of 13,000 nurses deployed to various countries including the United States, Geslani said.

Unemployed nurses
“The opening of study programs that include on-the-job training (OJT) for Filipino nurses has been a blessing for the more than 300,000 unemployed licensed nurses in our country, with the glut increasing each year with more than 100,000 graduates each year,” said Geslani, a former vice president of the Federated Association of Manpower Exporters and a recruiter for the past three decades.

The huge number of unemployed licensed nurses in the country has led to a sharp drop in enrollment at nursing schools. The study-and-work program allows Filipino nursing undergraduates to improve their academic background by studying in a British university for nine months to two years while being deployed to an appropriate work place.
While studying, Filipino nurses are given an opportunity of 15.5 hours OJT with pay. Nursing graduates from overseas are required to work 20 hours a week while taking units to upgrade their skills to British standards.
One international consultancy firm with an office in Manila has a work-and-study program that could send Filipino nurses to the United Kingdom within six months, Geslani said.

Other health workers
The firm offers two-year courses in the United Kingdom for Filipino physical therapists, medical technologists, public health workers and even social workers who would like to enter the British healthcare industry.
A new program allows Filipino nursing graduates an opportunity to study in Britain for an additional year. They will then get a work experience of up to two years and be issued work permits.
Most Filipino nurses in the United Kingdom end up becoming caregivers, as the country is also suffering from a shortage of health workers, according to Geslani.

In demand
Filipino caregivers are in demand in Britain because they are better English speakers than their counterparts from European Union countries such as Poland and Romania, he said.
Many Filipino nurses also try to apply to become registered nurses in Britain and get permanent residence status immediately although the entry requirements are much tougher, he added. Typically, overseas workers in Britain can apply for permanent residence after working there for five years.

Security issue
Geslani said that while going to the United States was “not entirely hopeless” for aspiring Filipino nurses, getting there was becoming more difficult.
“The US Citizenship and Immigration Service treats the migration of foreign nurses as a border-and-security issue and despite legislation to increase the number of foreign nurses government bureaucratic red tape has failed to find solutions to the lack of nurses in the US healthcare system,” he said.
US hospitals and health institutions are also suffering from funding problems due to the global financial crisis.

US President Barack Obama’s healthcare program augurs well for Filipino nurses because more hospitals and health facilities are to be set up in the following years as the US government implements universal health care, Geslani said.

Call center agents
“The problem is that the implementation just takes too long. Our students and graduates couldn’t wait to work abroad and deployment to the UK seems more promising. We already have many nursing graduates here who are working as call center agents while applying for work in the US,” he told the Inquirer.
Filipino nurses’ interest in going to the US may be actually waning because of the weak demand there. For the first time, there was a drop in Filipino nurses taking the National Council Licensure Examinations (NCLEX). Only 3,024 took the exam from January to March this year, compared with 4,194 in the same quarter of 2009.
The NCLEX refers to the licensure examination administered by the US National Council of State Boards of Nursing Inc.

4 Pinay nurses sue Baltimore hospital for discrimination

BALTIMORE – Four Filipino nurses filed a discrimination complaint before the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) against a hospital that allegedly fired them for speaking their native language at work.
Nurses Corina Capunitan Yap, Anna Rowena Rosales, Hachelle Natano, and Jazziel Granada claimed the Bon Secours Health System terminated them without due process and dismissed them solely for speaking in their native tongue.
The hospital’s policy states that English is the principal language and must be the exclusive language spoken and written by all employees while on duty in the emergency department.
However, the nurses, who are being represented by the Migrant Heritage Commission, said that they do not recall speaking in Tagalog in front or while providing patient care in the Emergency Department. They admitted speaking in their native language only during breaks at the Nurses’ Station.
The nurses’ lawyer, Atty. Arnedo Valera had asked the EEOC to investigate the complaint and if the hospital’s English-only rule in the workplace violates the Civil Rights Act.
Valera cited prior findings of the EEOC which did not favor this rule, “There were previous findings of the EEOC that this is burdensome as a condition of employment because it creates a disparate treatment which leads to discriminatory practice”.
Valera added that based on the nurses’ claims, speaking Tagalog during break time does not impede their work.
He added that should the EEOC find probable cause in the nurses’ complaint, the commission will issue a right to sue, after which they will file a case against the hospital before the district court and seek punitive damages of up to $500,000 for all four nurses. 

Nursing Board Exam Review Questions on Pharmacology, Nursing Research and Nutrition

1.    Chemotherapeutic agents often produce a certain degree of myelosuppression including leukopenia. Leukopenia does not present immediately but is delayed several days to weeks because:

a. The patient’s hemoglobin and hematocrit are normal.
b. Red blood cells are affected first.
c. Folic acid levels are normal.
d. The current white cell count is not affected by chemotherapy.

2.    Chemotherapy induces vomiting by:

a. Stimulating neuroreceptors in the medulla.
b. Inhibiting the release of catecholamines.
c. Autonomic instability.
d. Irritating the gastric mucosa.

3.    Anticipatory nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy occurs:

a. Within the first 24 hours after chemotherapy.
b. 1-5 days after chemotherapy.
c. Before chemotherapy administration.
d. While chemotherapy is being administered.

4.    The patient with hepatic encephalopathy is treated with:

a. antacids
b. beta blockers
c. calcium gluconate
d. lactulose

5.    A patient with pyelonephritis complains of urgency and burning on urination, fever, chills, and flank pain. The test that can confirm this diagnosis is:

a. blood chemistry
b. blood glucose
c. urinalysis
d. urine sodium

6.    Which of the following types of drugs might be given to control increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

a. barbiturates
b. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
c. anticholinergics
d. histamine receptor blockers

7.    Gilda Hizon complains that her headaches are occurring more frequently despite taking medications. Patients with a history of headache should be taught to avoid:

a. freshly prepared meats
b. citrus fruits
c. skim milk
d. chocolate

8.    Aggressive chest physiotherapy is instituted but isn’t successful in removing Mrs. Keith’s secretions. Which type of drug would the nurse expect the doctor to prescribe following physiotherapy?

a. anticholinergic
b. mucolytic
c. antibiotic
d. diuretic

9.    Jane Lopez, age 43, has a persistent cough from a cold. His doctor prescribes guaifenisin every 4 hours. How soon after taking the first dose of guaifenesin should Mrs. Lopez experience relief from coughing?

a. Within 30 minutes
b. In 45 to 60 minutes
c. In 1 ½ to 2 hours
d. In 2 ½ to 3 hours

10.    Mr. Perk’s wife is concerned about his poor appetite and weight loss. The nurse explains to her that radiation treatment, anxiety, and the disease itself can cause anorexia in cancer patients. The nurse should encourage Mr. Perk to:

a. limit his activities before and after meals
b. force fluids
c. eat high-calorie foods
d. eat hot meat dishes with special sauces

11.    Jayson Fernandez, a 70 years old smoker with advanced coronary artery disease, is scheduled for surgical revascularization of the coronary arteries to bypass plaque obstructions. Which of  Jayson’s medications should be stopped before surgery?

a. Furosemide (Lasix)
b. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
c. Aspirin
d. Heparin sodium (Liquaemin)

12.    Faith Dela Rosa, 22 years old has a history of ulcerative colitis. Although her condition had been stable for the past year, she now presents to the hospital with an acute exacerbation of the disease. When planning dietary teaching for Ms. Dela Rosa, the nurse should recommend that she consume:

a. high-protein foods, such as eggs, meat and cheese
b. whole milk and other dairy products
c. raw fruits and vegetables
d. products containing caffeine

13.    Peter Del Carmen is admitted to the hospital in vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. He complains of chest pain, shortness of breath, severe myalgia and arthralgia. During vaso-occlusive crisis, the nurse should encourage Mr. Del Carmen to:

a. change his position frequently
b. restrict his fluid intake
c. decrease his protein intake
d. drink 5L of fluid each day

14.    Mr. Paras has severe granulocytopenia. The nurse should teach  him to:

a. avoid raw fruits and vegetables
b. take Vitamin C top ward off the common cold
c. observe for polydipsia and polyuria
d. restrict sodium diet

15.    Drake is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to include all adult patients admitted from January to February, with average length of stay of 4-5 days, first admission, and with no complications. Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?

a. Date of admission
b. Length of stay
c. Age of patients
d. Absence of complications

16.    Drake thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes of adaptation?

a. Martha Rogers
b. Sister Callista Roy
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Jean Watson

17.    Which of the following articles would Drake least considers for his review of literature?

a. “Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients”
b. “Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms”
c. “Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions”
d. “Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes”

18.    He plans to use a Likert Scale to determine:

a. degree of agreement and disagreement
b. compliance to expected standards
c. level of satisfaction
d. degree of accpetance

19.    He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about this method?

a. Most direct means of gathering information
b. Versatile in terms of content coverage
c. Most accurate and valid method of data gathering
d. Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method

20.    Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?

a. competence of nurses
b. caring attitude of nurses
c. salary of nurses
d. responsiveness of staff

21.    He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to the consistency or the ability to yield the same response upon its repeated administration?

a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Sensitivity
d. Objectivity

22.    He plans for his sampling method. Which sampling method gives equal chance to all units in the population to get picked?

a. Random
b. Accidental
c. Quota
d. Judgment

23.    Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be measure?

a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Meaningfulness
d. Sensitivity

24.    Kiko is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the following designs is appropriate for this study?

a. Grounded theory
b. Ethnography
c. Case study
d. Phenomenology

25.    The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is:

a. Dorothea Orem
b. Madeleine Leininger
c. Betty Newman
d. Sister Callista Roy

TOP 10 WAYS TO PASS THE NURSING BOARD EXAM

10. Pay attention to your AUDIT/REVIEW subject.

This is one of the mistakes that I did back in college. I didn't cut classes (Okay, maybe once, but only for the afternoon lecture), I listened, I took notes, I aced the tests but I feel as if I didn't get everything that I could with the review because half the time, I was thinking that I'll enroll in a review center this summer anyways so all of this will be repeated. I'll get this topic later on. But our summer was hectic with case completion duties, Graduation and Pinning Ceremonies and with the bunch load of information pushing each other out of the way into my brain, things were pretty much chaotic and I found myself thinking far too many times while studying that I should have studied listened more and texted on my phone less.


9. Pick a Review Center that suits you. (non-compulsory)

It's true that enrolling in a review center is not needed to pass the boards. However, doing so really gives you direction in what, when and how you should review a certain topic, where to focus on, test taking strategies and green hilarious sex jokes you can only get from their discussions. Ha!


8. Throw away those books.

90% of reviewing population: Are you serious??
Me: Very. Okay, you don't have to throw them, just keep them in a dark desolate place where they belong. During the rigorous review sessions of two months before the board exam, I never cracked a book open, because I find them complicated, long and utterly boring. Instead, I concentrated on bullet type reviewers, outlines and summaries of those Valium induced texts. On the day of the exam, I knew I did the right thing. It was a waste of time reading the longer version with too many words than reading the gist of the entire thing. Less time and effort.


7. Give up the internet or whatever addictions you may have for 2 months.

It's only for two months people. I figured I'd rather sacrifice for 2 months than to live in regret and depression for the rest of my life. I can surf the net and play all the FB games I could until I get so sick of it after the boards. For me failing is not an option and if my life becomes ruined because, of all things, Facebook, then I'll never be able to live with myself. So, even though I just signed up for the world's most addicting site, I promptly clicked on that logout link and didn't visit it again until after the exam. And I was right, I grew so sick of the games after playing them everyday for two months that I made this site just to escape the sickening farm and pet madness.


6. Learn how to guess correctly.

Even if you have a nursing encyclopedia for a brain, there will be items (lots of it) where you will have to scratch your head in exasperation and guess. It's either you guess basing on related existing knowledge or you guess with nothing. Both you will experience during the exam. Learn to feel the page, use your intuition, channel Madam Auring and see invisible glowing letters of faith in taking the exam. And don't forget the ini-mini-mini-moe rule.


5. Take notes. Forget that you and that big guy called Xerox/Photocopier ever met.

It's a fact. Your brain will retain more if you listen, read, write and speak while reviewing. Without the physical act of writing, you'll end up getting all hazy visioned and end up falling asleep. In high school it may be cool to sneak a nap while the teacher's droning away, but in reviews it falls into the "WTH are you thinking??" box.


4. Know how to shade.

At the day of the board exam when we were asked by the examiners to fill the personal information page, the examinee in front of me turned around and asked me how to shade the little rectangular boxes filling the sacred oslo papers that holds our future a.k.a the PRC scantron board paper things. I was shocked. I couldn't formulate a verbal answer so, with a dumbstruck face, I just did an up and down motion with my hand while holding my pencil. I mean what on earth was she thinking taking the Mother of All Tests without even practicing how to shade at least a single tricky box. She could have perfected the test but if shaded all wrong then those correct answers won't be translated to points and those points won't be translated to a name in the passer's list.


3. Look, write and listen everyday. Read every night.

Now, I've never been the kind of A Type Personality person who would study everyday, prepare for every quiz and recites until my arm go all cyanotic. But for the board exam, I turned my back on every studying principle I believed in. (Ex. Listen to class but studying at home is for nerds. Homework is best done the night before. Studying for an exam is best done...never. Etc. etc.) It's hard studying again after going home after you've been studying for a day already, but it did pay off in the end. All your sacrifices will pay off in the end... Hopefully.


2. Answer bunch loads of practice test questions.

Review center will attest to this one. Answering tons of practice questions not only makes you remember things better but improve your guessing skills, which is very very important as I've mentioned. It's like hitting all the birds with one stone. Ain't that grand?


1. Relax and believe in a Higher Being.

No matter how much you don't believe in God, Allah or the Virgin Mary manifesting in a taco, the sudden burst of spirituality and religious fervor among board exam takers are a common, if not inevitable, occurrence. You will visit the every church that you can as if they're the 7 wonders of the world, light numerous candles (1 candle for each test point) and will go and kneel with bowed heads in front of St. Jude Thaddeus's altar. You'll do everything that you can to bathe in holy water together with all your test paraphernalia especially the week/day before the exam because you feel unholy and idiotic without it and your pencil, eraser and sharpener is infested with Satan, Lucifer and various bad spirits and will eventually fail you. Don't worry, all of this is normal, and amusing to reminisce after passing the exam. :)

10 warning signs of Alzheimer's

	Memory loss that disrupts daily life
	One of the most common signs of Alzheimer's is memory loss, especially forgetting recently learned information. Others include forgetting important dates or events; asking for the same information over and over; relying on memory aides (e.g., reminder notes or electronic devices) or family members for things they used to handle on their own. What's a typical age-related change? Sometimes forgetting names or appointments, but remembering them later.

	Challenges in planning or solving problems
	Some people may experience changes in their ability to develop and follow a plan or work with numbers. They may have trouble following a familiar recipe or keeping track of monthly bills. They may have difficulty concentrating and take much longer to do things than they did before. What's a typical age-related change? Making occasional errors when balancing a checkbook.

	Difficulty completing familiar tasks at home, at work or at leisure
	People with Alzheimer's often find it hard to complete daily tasks. Sometimes, people may have trouble driving to a familiar location, managing a budget at work or remembering the rules of a favorite game. What's a typical age-related change? Occasionally needing help to use the settings on a microwave or to record a television show.

	Confusion with time or place
	People with Alzheimer's can lose track of dates, seasons and the passage of time. They may have trouble understanding something if it is not happening immediately. Sometimes they may forget where they are or how they got there. What's a typical age-related change? Getting confused about the day of the week but figuring it out later.

	Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships
	For some people, having vision problems is a sign of Alzheimer's. They may have difficulty reading, judging distance and determining color or contrast. In terms of perception, they may pass a mirror and think someone else is in the room. They may not realize they are the person in the mirror. What's a typical age-related change? Vision changes related to cataracts.

	New problems with words in speaking or writing
	People with Alzheimer's may have trouble following or joining a conversation. They may stop in the middle of a conversation and have no idea how to continue or they may repeat themselves. They may struggle with vocabulary, have problems finding the right word or call things by the wrong name (e.g., calling a "watch" a "hand-clock"). What's a typical age-related change? Sometimes having trouble finding the right word.

	Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps
	A person with Alzheimer's disease may put things in unusual places. They may lose things and be unable to go back over their steps to find them again. Sometimes, they may accuse others of stealing. This may occur more frequently over time. What's a typical age-related change? Misplacing things from time to time, such as a pair of glasses or the remote control.

	Decreased or poor judgment
	People with Alzheimer's may experience changes in judgment or decision-making. For example, they may use poor judgment when dealing with money, giving large amounts to telemarketers. They may pay less attention to grooming or keeping themselves clean. What's a typical age-related change? Making a bad decision once in a while.

	Withdrawal from work or social activities
	A person with Alzheimer's may start to remove themselves from hobbies, social activities, work projects or sports. They may have trouble keeping up with a favorite sports team or remembering how to complete a favorite hobby. They may also avoid being social because of the changes they have experienced. What's a typical age-related change? Sometimes feeling weary of work, family and social obligations.

	Changes in mood and personality
	The mood and personalities of people with Alzheimer's can change. They can become confused, suspicious, depressed, fearful or anxious. They may be easily upset at home, at work, with friends or in places where they are out of their comfort zone. What's a typical age-related change? Developing very specific ways of doing things and becoming irritable when a routine is disrupted.

Schedule for 2010 PRC Nursing Board Exam

Posted: 12 Jun 2010 02:00 PM PDT

The Professional Regulation Commission announced that the 2010 nursing board exam has been rescheduled.

As per Commission Resolution No. 2009-537 dated November 13, 2009, the board examination has been moved from June and November to July and December.

The schedule of PRC Nursing Board Exam for 2010 would be as follows:

July 3 – 4, 2010

Deadline of Application
Repeaters: April 14, 2010
First Timers: May 14, 2010

December 12 – 13, 2010

Deadline of Application
Repeaters: September 8, 2010
First Timers: November 8, 2010

Planning Your Canadian Immigration

           An immigration plan is similar to a good business plan, You need to know your goal, what the requirements are to reach your goal, have a plan that anticipates each step, and execute your plan. The more detailed your plan, the easier to implement.

Know your goal: Your general goal is immigration to Canada. A specific goal would be under what class of immigration you intend to apply. The classes of immigration under which you can presently apply are:

1. Federal Skilled Worker Class: This is the class most frequently used by new applicants for Canadian immigration. There is more flexibility here because not only are there Federal needs for certain vocations, but a number of Provinces likewise have their own specific needs. If you qualify for one of these, the provincial government will aid you in your application and in some cases it pushes you closer to the top of the waiting list for application processing.

2. Canadian Experience Class: an immigration category for Canada's temporary foreign workers and international graduate students who wish to become Permanent Residents. This class was first implemented in 2007.

3. Business Class: This class is for Investors, Entrepreneurs, and the Self-Employed. Applications in this class generally take less time than the Federal Skilled Worker Class. 

4. Family Class: This class of immigrant must be sponsored to come to Canada by a relative such as a parent, fiancé(e), spouse, or common-law partner. A common-law partner is defined as a person of the opposite or same sex with whom you are in a conjugal relationship and who is currently cohabiting with you and has done so for at least one year.

5. Quebec Selected Immigration: Skilled Worker / Professional applicants intending to reside in Montreal or another city in the Province of Quebec are selected based upon a different set of criteria than applicants who wish to settle elsewhere in Canada. The Quebec Immigration selection system is designed to indicate the likelihood of succeeding in settling in Quebec.

6. Provincial Nominees Class: In this classification a prospective immigrant applies to a Province which has certain established needs. If you fit their immigration criteria, then the province(s) then aid(s) in the application process. Provinces and territories share authority with the federal government and can fast track applications.

7. Refugees Class: Applicants in this class are admitted under special rules.

8. Others: (visitor visa, temporary employment authorization,) and so on...

Requirements and steps to reach your goal: What are the specific requirements for entering Canada under your proposed class of immigration. This can be accomplished by studying the CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada office) requirements.

Have a plan that anticipates each step: Make a checklist of all requirements for your selected class of immigration. Put in as much detail as possible. You may need to modify the list by including additional steps as the process continues.

Execute your plan: This includes all immigration steps needed before you can be considered for immigration to Canada, and before the CIC can approve or disapprove your application for immigration. This may be done through an attorney or Immigration Consultant OR you may take the initiative and do all the paperwork yourself. There are advantages and disadvantages to both methods. 

With an Immigration Attorney or Immigration Consultant, you are paying for their knowledge of the process and at the same time you are going to pay several thousand dollars more in fees. If you do it yourself it will require more research and personal work on your part, but you will be able to complete the process in a much less expensive manner. Like a business plan, going through all the steps will not necessarily mean success. However, by organizing yourself and systematizing the process on your end, there is a greater likelihood that you will be successful. This assumes of course that you meet the prerequisites for immigration in your selected class.

Nursing Board Review: Community Health Nursing Practice Test

1. He defined public health as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort.

a. Winslow
b. Nightingale
c. Rosenstock
d. Maslow

2. The different clients of the community health nurse include the following:

1. Individual
2. Family
3. Population group
4. Community

a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1, 3, 4 only
c. 1, 2, 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4

3. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, developing one’s potential is included in which of the following:

a. Physiologic
b. Safety and Security
c. Love and Belonging
d. Self-actualization

4. Pandemic occurrence of a disease means:

a. The intermittent occurrence of a few isolated and unrelated cases in a given locality.
b. The simultaneous occurrence of epidemic of the same disease in several countries.
c. The unusually large number of cases in a relatively short period of time.
d. The continuous occurrence throughout a period of time of the usual number of cases in a given locality.

5. Mrs. Panganiban’s 6 year old son is entering school for the first time. Mrs. Panganiban has a:

a. Stress point
b. Foreseeable crisis
c. Health deficit
d. Health threat

6. Operation Timbang is in which level of prevention of health problem?

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Intermediate

7. A 3 year old boy was classified to have severe pneumonia or very severe disease. The following symptoms are present, except:

a. Convulsions
b. Chest indrawing
c. Stridor
d. Fast breathing

8. Severe dehydration is classified when TWO of the following signs are present, except:

a. Drinks eagerly, thirsty
b. Sunken eyes
c. Skin pinch goes back very slowly
d. Abnormally sleepy or difficult to awaken

9. Which of the following is an advantage of a home visit?

a. It allows the nurse to provide nursing care to a greater number of people.
b. It allows sharing of experiences among people with similar health problems.
c. It provides an opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation.
d. It develops a family’s imitative in providing for health needs of its members.

10. Newborn Screening act is:

a. R.A 8980
b. R.A 7610
c. R.A 7305
d. R.A 9288

11. In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the usual place of residence of the people is termed:

a. De jure
b. De facto
c. De locus
d. De novo

12. A 5 year old child has given Retinol capsule every 6 months to prevent xerophthalmia. What is the dose given to preschoolers?

a. 15,000 IU
b. 20,000 IU
c. 50,000 IU
d. 100,000 IU

13. In the Philippines, which condition is the most frequent cause of death associated with schistosomiasis?

a. Bladder cancer
b. Intestinal perforation
c. Liver cirrhosis
d. Liver cancer

14. Core business of public health will include the following except:

a. Disease control
b. Health protection
c. Health public policy
d. None of the above

15. Which element of FOURmula one aims to ensure quality and affordability of health services?

a. Health financing
b. Health regulation
c. Health service delivery
d. Good governance

16. When is Rabies awareness month celebrated?

a. January
b. March
c. May
d. June

17. Pillars of primary health care include all of the following, except:

a. Active community participation
b. Provision of medical care and emergency treatment
c. Support mechanism made available
d. Use of appropriate technology

18. A very important part of the community health nursing planning process includes:

a. Evaluation of structures and qualifications of health care team
b. The application of professional judgment in estimating importance of facts to family and community.
c. Carrying out nursing procedures as per plan of action.
d. Coordination with other sectors in relation to health concerns.

19. Mrs. Larazabal brought her 2 month old baby to the health center for immunization. On assessment, the infant’s temperature registered 38 degrees C. Which is the best action that you will take?

a. Give paracetamol and wait for his fever to subside.
b. Refer the infant to the physician for further evaluation.
c. Proceed with the infant’s immunization.
d. Tell the mother to bring her baby back at the health center when her baby is feeling well.

20. Which herbal plant is given for fever, headache and cough?

a. Sambong
b. Tsaang gubat
c. Akapulko
d. Lagundi

21. Dependency ratio is best described as:

a. Compares the number of economically dependent with the economically productive group in population.
b. Graphical representation of the age-sex composition of the population.
c. Compares the number of males to the number of females in the population.
d. Illustrates the proportion of the people living in urban compared to the rural areas.

22. Type of water supply facility composed of a system with a piped distribution network and household taps.

a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV

23. Which of the following is not a principle of community organizing?

a. Principle of Leadership
b. Principle of Evaluation
c. Principle of Structure
d. Principle of Attainment

24. Which method of family panning cannot be immediately used by a breastfeeding mother?

a. LAM
b. BTL
c. Combined OCP
d. Condom

25. If there were 250 deaths and 36,114 live births registered in Region III, with a total population of 200,000, the fetal death rate would be?

a. 6.9 per 1000 live births
b. 7.8 per 1000 live births
c. 0.16 per 1000 live births
d. 0.0014 per 1000 live births